RED BOOK: Sary-Chelek Key Biodiversity Area KGZ06

Semenov fir (Abies semenovii)

Status: VU. Relic endemic of the Western Tien Shan. Decorative.
Description: Evergreen tree of the first magnitude: up to 30 m in height and up to 1 m in diameter at chest height, life expectancy up to 300-350 years. The crown is narrow-pyramidal, columnar, swept or umbrella-shaped. The needles up to 4 cm long are single, flat, linear, slightly two-topped, the bases are slightly twisted, dark green above, below with two wide light blue stomatal stripes, on vegetative branches straight or slightly curved, on generative branches - curved, wider and hard, needles live up to 15 years. Cones are oval-cylindrical, 8-10 cm long and 3-4 cm wide. The scales are more or less broadly wedge-shaped with a gently curved upper margin. Seeds with a short wing not exceeding them by 1.5 times.
Biological features: Mesophyte, shade-induring. Propagation by seeds and cuttings. Seed renewal in plantations mixed with spruce is satisfactory, in walnut-dark pine plantations it is weak. In pure fir forests, renewal is extremely rare. In the first years it grows slowly, begins to bear fruit in 50 - 60 years.
General spreading and in the country: Western Tien Shan, slopes of At-Oinok, Uzun-Akmat and Chatkal ridges, as well as in a small area in Talas (gorge of the Besh-Tash river) and Suusamyr Ala-Too, the easternmost gorges of Kyzyl-Kol, Chychkan.
Places of growth. The belt of dark coniferous forests at an altitude of 1300-2800 m above sea level. m; predominantly on the slopes of northern and northeastern exposure, together with Schrenk spruce. On the lower border of distribution in walnut-dark coniferous forests, also along mountain river valleys, in combination with a number of trees and shrubs. The area of optimal development of fir forests, middle mountains, within the absolute heights of 2000-2500 m.
Number. In the Kyrgyz Republic, fir forests have been preserved on an area of 3.7 thousand hectares, over the past 10 years the area of plantations has increased by 0.5 thousand hectares, but its pure plantations are extremely rare.
limiting factors: Unsystematic felling in the past. Forest fires, overgrazing, mycotic disease - cenangial cancer.
Cultivation: Cultivated in many botanical gardens.
Existing protection measures: It has been protected on the territory of the republic since 1975 in accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the Kyrgyz SSR. Listed in the Red Book of the USSR (1984), the Red Book of the Kirghiz SSR (1985). The species is protected in the Sary-Chelek Biosphere Reserve.
Protective measures are recommended: Organize botanical reserves in places of the highest concentration of the species.
Interesting facts: Semenov fir can be seen only in Kyrgyzstan, it does not grow in any other place on the globe. This tree is amazingly beautiful, has dense lush evergreen needles and reaches a height of 30 m.

Fir is located mainly on shady slopes with a steepness of over 30 degrees, can grow on stony soils, but requires good moisture. In the south of Kyrgyzstan, in the Chatkal Range, entire forests of Semyonov's fir have been preserved. Usually it grows together with spruce. Fir wood is highly valued, significantly superior in quality to spruce. It is light, soft, but very durable. In addition, a balm is made from fir resin that heals wounds, and an essential oil is made from needles, which is used in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries.

Source: Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2nd edition - Bishkek, 2007



Allium dodecadontum

Status: VU. A narrowly endemic species of the Chatkal Range.
Description: Perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, geophyte, xeromesophyte. Bulbs are solitary, round, 8-10 (12) mm in diameter, with gray paper shells. Bulbs are single, smooth. Stems 60 - 80 cm in height, 1.5 - 5 mm in diameter, ribbed, covered with leaf sheaths at the base. Leaves 2, flat 2.5 - 6 mm wide, rough along the edge. Inflorescence hemispherical or almost round, dense, many-flowered. Pedicels 1.5 - 2 cm, glabrous at the base. The tepals are pink-violet, with a slightly prominent midrib, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, twisted and recurved after flowering. Filaments 1.5 times shorter than perianth, bidentate, ciliate at base. Ovary long-pedunculated, rough.
Biology features: Blossoms and fructifies in V - VI.
General spreading and in the country: Chatkal ridge
Places of growth: Thickets of shrubs and forest edges in the middle belt of mountains.
Quantity No information.
Limiting factors: Human economic activity: spring grazing, picking flowers, digging bulbs.
Cultivation: No information.
Existing protection measures: Protected in the Sary-Chelek Reserve.
Protective measures are recommended: Organization of botanical reserves in places of the highest concentration of the species, monitoring of the state of populations. Prohibit digging bulbs, grazing.

Source: Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2nd edition - Bishkek, 2007



Allium viridiflorum

This is one of the representatives of wild onions of Kyrgyzstan.
Spreading in Kyrgyzstan: Chatkal region. Subendemic.
General spreading and in the Middle Asia: Middle Asia: Western Tien Shan (Chatkal, Fergana ranges). Endemic to Central Asia.
Ecology: Grows on gravelly, soddy slopes, in the forest-meadow belt in the main walnut forest, bushy terrain in the lower and middle mountain belts, at altitudes of 1200-2500 m above sea level. y. m. Petrophilic plant - inhabits conglomerates, pebbles, fixed screes. It occurs within two floristic regions of the Mountain Central Asian province - Chatkal and East Fergana.
Biology features: Flowering in May-June, fruiting in June.
Perennial. Bulb solitary, almost round, 0.8-2 cm in diameter, 0.8-1.2 cm in height, with gray, membranous, brittle shells elongated to the neck of the stem; rarely with elongated and few bulbs. Stem straight, cylindrical, smooth or rough 10-22 cm in height, 1-1.5 mm in diameter. Preleaf 1-2 cm tall, rough, splitting after budding. The leaf is solitary, in the aerial part it surrounds the stem up to a height of 4 cm, dissected above into 6-7 pieces, filiform, grooved lobes, 13-14 cm in height, 0.1 cm in diameter, much shorter than the stem, the edges are rarely serrated. The sheath is persistent, white-webbed, much shorter than the pedicels, torn into 2-3 parts. Inflorescence hemispherical, few-flowered, loose, 6-9 cm in diameter. Pedicels straight, filiform, almost equal, 2-4 cm in height, club-shaped ends, without bracts at base. Tepals of the stellate perianth are linear-oblong, 3.5-4.5 mm in height, equal, obtuse, yellow-green, with a slightly prominent midrib, not curled after flowering. Filaments of stamens 2.5-4 mm in height, shorter than tepals, at the base with perianth and fused with each other, fused to each other very shortly by 0.3 mm, soldered into a ring, triangular at the base, higher subulate, inner almost 2 times wider than outer, yellow-green. Anthers oblong, 1 mm long, yellow. The ovary is spherical, sessile, the surface is uneven. The column is narrowly conical, 2 mm long. Capsule almost spherical, 5-6 mm in diameter and height, slightly longer than tepals, 3-seed.
Main Threats: narrow range, grazing, mining.
Protection measures: Organize the rational and sustainable use of pastures (they are also the habitats of many wild onions), which includes the establishment of rational norms for the load of livestock, the implementation of the correct start and end dates for grazing on pastures and their strict observance. It is necessary to establish monitoring sites to monitor the status of A. Viridiflorum in the Sary-Chelek Reserve.
Interesting facts: Allium, this name was given to wild onions by the ancient Romans, is a numerous genus of perennial (sometimes annual) plants that differ in color, appearance, height, and duration of flowering.
Under natural conditions, the plant can be found in the countries of the Middle East, Asia, and Europe. In Latin, allium means garlic. By this, the inhabitants of Rome wanted to emphasize its pungency, a pungent smell reminiscent of garlic. In ancient times, magical properties were attributed to it. For example, the image of a plant is often found carved on the surfaces of sarcophagi, because the Egyptians considered it a symbol of eternity.
Today, the decorative effect of allium is more appreciated. It is grown in flower beds along with other flowers, although some varieties can also be used in the cooking process. Both the bulbs and the leaves of the plant are edible.
The plant is suitable for growing outdoors, in landscape design, but as an indoor flower, given its inherent pungent odor, allium is used very rarely.

Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/2248.html
Source: Turdumatova N.K. "GENUS ONION (ALLIUM L.) IN KYRGYZSTAN (ISSUES OF SYSTEMATICS, GEOGRAPHY AND PROSPECTS OF USE)" Dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences. Bishkek, 2022
https://semenagavrish.ru/articles/allium--dekorativnyy-luk/



Allium spathulatum

General spreading and in the Middle Asia: Endemic to Kyrgyzstan (Chatkal region).
This species is found in forested areas at altitudes between 1600 and 1700 meters above sea level, settling in river valleys, on sun-exposed slopes with sparse vegetation, such as savanna, or near rocks. It grows in small patches, which suggests that the most successful establishment occurs close to mature plants. When initially discovered, this species of the subgenus Allium was recognized as unique due to the unusual spatula-like bracts developing on stalks. It probably belongs to an ancient phylogenetic lineage that has archaic characteristics and has been preserved by very few representative species.
Ecology: on steep fine-earth and gravelly slopes, conglomerates, rocky areas of the foothills, at altitudes of 800–1,200 m above sea level. u. m.
Biology features: Blooms in May-June, bears fruit in June.
Biological description of the genus: Perennial. The bulb is ovoid or spherical, 5-10 mm in diameter, with outer paper-like thin shells without noticeable veins, no bulbs. The stem is 12-15 cm in height, 0.1-0.2 cm in diameter, cylindrical, straight, smooth, grooved, enclosed at the base in smooth leaf sheaths. The leaves, including 2, are filiform, about 0.75 mm in diameter, semi-cylindrical, grooved, more or less rough or almost smooth, longer than the stem. The sheath is short-pointed, 2-3 times shorter than the inflorescence, paper-like, white with brownish veins, remaining. The inflorescence is bunch-shaped, hemispherical, rather loose, 3-4 cm in diameter. The pedicels are relatively thick, green with a purple tint, equal, 1-1.5 cm in height, the ends are club-shaped, thickened. The perianth is bell-shaped, dark pinkish-purple in the upper two-thirds, with a whitish base, with dark purple veins in the middle. Tepals are 6-7.0 mm in height, ovoid, obtuse, almost round and only slightly narrowed towards the apex. The filaments of the stamens are shorter than the tepals, about 4 mm in height, white, at the base with the tepal and fused together, above very briefly fused together, the inner ones are 1.5-2 times wider than the outer ones, square at the base with the lateral ones slightly 1 mm longer than the main one filament with teeth, outer conical. Anthers about 1 mm long, yellow. The ovary is triangularly expanded, almost spherical, sessile, tuberculate. Column 2-3 mm high, white, conical-cylindrical. The capsule and seeds are unknown.
Economic importance: Ornamental plant.

Source of information: Turdumatova N.K. “GENUS OF ONION (ALLIUM L.) IN KYRGYZSTAN (QUESTIONS OF SYSTEMATICS, GEOGRAPHY AND PROSPECTS OF USE)” Dissertation for the degree of candidate of biological sciences. Bishkek, 2022 https://www.vitaminov.net/rus-27600-676661586-herbs-24135.html
Photo sources: https://www.plantarium.ru/dat/plants/1/158/107158_a07d631d.jpg
https://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/47871.html
https://bluenanta.com/display/photos/296627/?family=Amaryllidaceae

Aflatun Androsace(Androsace aflatunensis)

Life Form: ground rosette, grass.
Biological description of the species: Flowers: number of petals 5; perianth actinomorphic, interpetalous; size up to 1 cm; inflorescence umbrella.
External signs of leaves: sessile attachment; leaves are simple; the edge is smooth; there is no articulation.
Differences of shoots: leaf arrangement on the shoot is next.
Fruits: dry box; dry type.
Interesting facts: Some Androsace species are known for their medicinal properties. In landscaping, they are used in flower beds, wild gardens, rock gardens and mixborders, as a ground cover for bare garden areas or among stones.

Source of information: Prolomnik // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efrona: in 86 volumes. (82 vol. and 4 add.). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.



Sary-Chelek Bunium (Bunium sary-cheleki)

Bunium is a genus of herbaceous plants of the family Apiaceae.
Botanical description of the genus: Perennial bare herbaceous plants. Tuber ovoid or spherical, deeply sunken. Stem branching almost from the base. Leaves thrice pinnately dissected into linear segments, basal - with a long petiole. Wrappers are unstable or missing.
The flowers are staminate and bisexual, actinomorphic, collected in low-beam complex umbrellas. The teeth of the calyx are inconspicuous. The petals are white or slightly purple, the outer flowers are slightly enlarged, obverse heart-shaped. Fruits are linear-oblong to ovoid.
Interesting facts:
The genus Bunium is an ancient spicy and medicinal plant, first described by the ancient Greek scientist Dioscorides as a "peanut" because of the relatively large edible roots.
Like many plants in arid and dry places, buniums had to develop in themselves the properties that allow them to survive in the harsh conditions of the dry season, small size and a small number of narrow gray-green leaves help reduce the evaporation of moisture from the plant. The main means of survival is hidden in the underground parts of the bunium - small tubers are formed on the roots of the plants, containing a supply of nutrients, so that in the spring the bunium can again spread a small rosette of leaves and give a fruiting stem, and then grow small fragrant seeds.Several species of buniums and other Apiaceae were known to the peoples who inhabited Central Asia under the collective name Zirahe "zira" as early as two thousand years BC.

Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/93826.html



Eugenia's Bellflower (Campanula eugeniae)

Status: vulnerable species (Vulnerable)
Brief description. Perennial almost bare with a branched rhizome. Branches of caudex are covered with short remnants of leaf petioles, bearing loose rosettes of leaves and flowered stems. Leaves of rosette shoots 8-10 cm long, with lancet, blades half as long as filiform petioles, smooth-margin or scattered and indistinctly creviced and bare. Stems are 10-15 cm tall and one-, rarely two-flowered. Flowers are erect or drooping, 1,5 cm long. Calyx is obconical with narrowly linear teeth, a little bit shorter than narrowly bell-shaped corolla, shallowly divided into sharp triangular lobes. The column is not showing off. Pod is short, roundish, opens with holes at the base.
Phenology. Blooms in August, fruits in September.
Ecology. Grows on limestone rocks, in cracks of marble rocks, in subalpine and middle mountain belts at altitudes of 1800-2800 m above sea level. Distribution in Kyrgyzstan. Talas, Fergana and Chatkal ranges.
General spreading. Endemic. Endemic species of the Western Tien Shan.
Cultivation. No information is available.
Designation. Ornamental plant.

Protection in Kyrgyzstan. Listed in the Red Data Book (2007).
Information source: Li (1987). Lazkov (2006), expedition data.
Lazkov et al. (2006), expedition data. Lazkov G.A., Umralina A.R. Endemics and rare plant species of Kyrgyzstan (Atlas) - FAO. Ankara, 2015.



Hawthorn Knorringa (Crataegus knorringiana)

Status: VU. Narrow endemic species.
Description. Tree up to 5 - 6 m in height. Leaves narrowly elliptic or ovate, slightly lobed. The fruits are yellow, small, with five strongly pitted stones. The plant contains triterpenes.
Features of biology. Blossoms at the end of IV-beginning of V. The fruits ripen in IX. Vegetation ends in X. Seed propagation.
General spreading and in the country. Kyrgyzstan: river valley Chichkan, Chatkal, Fergana, Alai ranges.
Places of growth. Among trees and shrubs in river valleys, on rocky and fine earth slopes in the lower and middle mountain belts.
Number. Insignificant. Grows in single specimens.
Limiting factors. Economic development of the growing area. Used by the population for fuel. Very weak recovery.
Cultivation. No information
Security measures are in place. Included in the Red Book of the Kirghiz SSR (1985).
Protective measures are recommended. In Toskoul-Ata and Kara-Alma forestries, all remaining plants should be protected from felling and loss of young plants by livestock.

Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/485737.html
Source: Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2nd edition - Bishkek, 2007


Tianshan hawthorn (Crataegus tianschanica)

Description. Tree up to 5 - 6 m in height.
Features of biology. Blooms at the end of IV - beginning of V. The fruits ripen in IX. The growing season ends in X. Reproduction is by seed.
Spreading. The native range of this species is Central Asia.
Places of growth. Among tree and shrub vegetation in river valleys, on rocky and fine-earth slopes in the lower and middle zones of the mountains.
Number. Insignificant. Grows in single specimens.
Limiting factors. Economic development of the growing area. Used by the population for fuel. Poorly renewed.
Cultivation. No information
Security measures exist. No.
Recommended security measures. In the Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve and in the surrounding area, all remaining plants should be protected from cutting and young plants being eaten by livestock.
Interesting facts: One of the main components of hawthorn is ursulic acid. It relieves inflammation, helps prevent cancer, dilates blood vessels, stimulates collagen production, which has a great effect on the natural rejuvenation of the body.
The range of effects of hawthorn on the body is very wide. It improves blood circulation, fights neurological diseases, helps with migraines, dizziness, sleep problems, and nervousness. Hawthorn is an excellent preventative against heart disease.
In addition, the fruits of this plant have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, choleretic, antiviral and antioxidant effects.

Herbarium photo source:: https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0839573



Elisanthe fedtschenkoana

Botanic description of the genus: Perennial, pubescent with long jointed non-glandular
hairs, in the upper part - with an admixture of glandular hairs. The root is thick, radicular. Stems 80-100 (150) cm tall, ascending from the base, branching in the inflorescence. Bracts 5-7 mm long, lanceolate, herbaceous. Pedicels 5-25 mm long. Cup (14) 16-18 (20)
mm long, 5-6 mm wide, narrowly bell-shaped, swollen in fruit, broadly bell-shaped, with 10 inconspicuous veins. Petals 13-18 mm long. The columns are bare. Capsule 8-10 mm long, 7-9 mm wide, round-ovate. Carpophore 5-7 mm long, pubescent. Seeds 1.2-1.5 mm in diameter, round-reniform, brown.
Phenology: Flowering in June-August, fruiting in July-August.
Ecology: It grows in the belt of broad-leaved (walnut) forests, 1500-2500 m above sea level
Spreading in Kyrgyzstan: Chatkal and Fergana ranges.
General spreading. Endemic
Cultivation: No information available.
Value: Decorative plant
Protection in Kyrgyzstan: protection measures were not taken.

Source: Lazkov (2005), expedition data. Lazkov (2006).
Lazkov G.A., Umralina A.R. Endemics and rare plant species of Kyrgyzstan (Atlas) - FAO. Ankara, 2015



Exochorda tianschanica

Other names: Tien Shan string carp.
Zoning: Central Asia and Kazakhstan, Western Tien Shan. A very rare species, protected in nature reserves.
Botanic description of the genus: This is the most graceful bush of all exochords. She has the longest flower brush, on which there are 15-18 small white flowers. This is a perennial beautifully flowering shrub that belongs to the Rosaceae family. Name: from the Greek 'exo' - external; 'chorde' - string, chord; for the fibers covering the placenta.
Exochorda is a drought-resistant plant. But it has low winter hardiness. The shoots have time to ripen by winter, but in frostier winters the branches may freeze to the level of the snow cover, which delays flowering.

Sources of information: https://vybor-spb.ru/ekzohorda/
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/82488.html



Ferula czatkalensis (Ferula pimenovii Lazkov)

Family: Apiaceae
Zoning: Central Asia and Kazakhstan, Western Tien Shan and Karatau, Chatkal Range (Kyrgyzstan).
Short description: Perennial monocarpic plant 40-70 cm tall, with a non-thickened root and three times trifoliate succulent leaves. Stem leaves with reduced blade or reduced to triangular sheaths. Stem with alternate branches. Umbrellas up to 5 cm in diameter, with 5-6 shortly pubescent, almost equal rays, without involucral leaves. Umbrellas 7-10 flowered, with shortly pubescent rays and 7-9 leaflets of the involucre, preserved in fruit. Petals ovate, apparently yellowish, pubescent along the back. Fruits are oval with lateral narrow-winged and filiform dorsal ribs, brown, glabrous.
Phenology: Flowering in June, fruiting in July.
Ecology: On variegated outcrops, at altitudes of 1200-1500 m a.s.l. y. m. Distribution in Kyrgyzstan. Chatkal ridge.
General spreading: Endemic.
Cultivation: No information available.
Value: The rarest kind.
Protection in Kyrgyzstan: No protection measures were taken.
Interesting facts: Sticky, fragrant gums called galban, produced by certain types of ferula, are widely used in cooking and medicine. The smelly ferula is widely known, from the milky juice of which the asafoetida spice is obtained.
Asafoetida is associated with one of the most famous legends. In Latin, asafoetida sounds like "ferula", which means "porter". This name is due to the fact that, according to legend, it was in the hollow stem of this plant that Prometheus gave fire to people. According to another version, the name "ferula" came into use because prehistoric man also used asafoetida to carry fire from place to place.
In ancient Rome, asafoetida was sold in containers along with pine nuts, which were used to flavor delicate dishes. This spice gained popularity thanks to the Roman legionnaires who brought it to England. It was grown there until the 18th century. The surge in its popularity dates back to the middle of the 19th century - during this period it enjoyed special love in Germany, where it was added to many national dishes.
In early 1971, the expedition of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR discovered large thickets of asafoetida in the Zailiysky Alatau. At present, a significant part of them has been barbarously destroyed as a result of the militia carried out in 1989-91. campaign against "wild drug plantations", despite the fact that asafoetida - the rarest plant - has nothing to do with drugs.
Today, asafoetida is considered an Asian spice, especially in high esteem in those countries where garlic is not eaten - in Persia and India.

Source: Lazkov etc. (2006), expedition data. Lazkov G.A., Umralina A.R. Endemics and rare plant species of Kyrgyzstan (Atlas) - FAO. Ankara, 2015



Ferula inciso-serrata

Genus: Ferula < family: Celeryaceae < order: Araliaceae < class: Dicotyledonous < division: Flowering.
Zoning: Central Asia and Kazakhstan, Western Tien Shan.
Botanical description of the species: herbaceous plant, ephemeroid, rosette.
Flowers: size up to 1 cm; perianth actinomorphic; number of petals 5; inflorescence umbrella.
External signs of leaves: leaves - complex; division - pinnate; orders of complexity - more than 2; attachment - petiole.
Differences in shoots: shoots are erect; The leaf arrangement on the shoot is regular.
Fruits: dry type; dry achene.

Sources of information: https://openfito.ru/vids/vid/37047
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/92937.html



Hedysarum chaitocarpum

Status: EN. A relict endemic species found in walnut-fruit forests.
Botanical description of the genus. Perennial, up to 60 cm in height, herbaceous plant with bare stems and fused stipules. Leaflets 3-8 paired, oblong or elliptical, up to 45 mm long, up to 22 mm wide. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of 20-30 flowers. The calyx is much shorter than the corolla, the corolla is up to 22 mm long, pink-purple, the bean has 3-5 segments. The surface of the fruit is transversely ribbed, covered with short, thin bristles. There are individuals in which the setae on the fruits are not developed.
Features of biology. Flowers VI, fruits VII-VIII. Propagated by seeds.
The distribution is general throughout the country. Chatkal, Uzun-Akhmat, Fergana and Alai ranges (Achinsky, Gava forestry enterprises, Sary-Chelek reserve, Kara-Shoro river basin, near the waterfall in Arslanbab).
Growing conditions. Walnut and other broad-leaved forests, shrubs, tall grass meadows, extends into the subalpine zone.
Number. It occurs very rarely in groups, in most cases - alone. It was once widespread.
Limiting factors. Anthropogenic impact in general on forests and haymaking.
Cultivation. No information.
Existing protection measures: Special protection measures have not been developed and are included in the Red Book of the Kyrgyz SSR.
Recommended security measures. Count the population, clarify the habitat, organize botanical reserves in places of greatest concentration of the population. Introduction to culture.

Source of information: https://open.kg/about-kyrgyzstan/nature/red-book/fungi-and-higher-plants/31789-kopeechnik-schetinoplodnyy-memesu-tuktuu-tyyynchanak-chaeto-fruited-sweet-broom.html
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/121563.html

Intermediate Hyalolaena (Hyalolaena intermedia)

Status: VU. Endemic. One of three species growing in Kyrgyzstan.
Description. Perennial monocarpic plant. Roots slightly thickened, cord-like, branching. Stem solitary, branching many times. Basal leaves are lanceolate in outline, up to 4-6 cm long, with lanceolate, sharp terminal lobes; medium stem leaves with narrower and longer terminal lobes; upper - in the form of lanceolate sharp sheaths. Umbrellas 6-11 ray with an involucre of 5-8 lanceolate, along the edge of white-edged short-rough leaflets; umbels 11-18 flowered with an involucre of 7-10 leaflets. Petals are white. The fruits are dark brown, oval or oval-oblong.
Biological features: Blossoms in V-VI, bears fruit in VI-VII.
General spreading and in the country: Ridges: Chatkal, Ferghana; Naryn river basin, Bekechal river valley.
Places of growth. Gypsum limestones.
Quantity: Occurs in solitary populations.
limiting factors. Not clarified.
Cultivation. no information.
Existing conservation measures: Occurs within the Besh-Aral Reserve.
Recommended conservation measures: Conservation of species habitats.

Source: Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2nd edition - Bishkek, 2007



Leibnizia Knorring (Leibnitzia knorringiana)

Leibnitsia (lat. Leibnitzia) is a genus of perennial flowering plants included in the tribe Mutisieae of the Asteraceae family. Includes about 8 species.
Botanical description of the genus: Representatives of the genus are perennial herbaceous plants. The leaves are collected in a basal rosette, simple or pinnately dissected. Spring inflorescences-baskets with reed and median flowers. Reed flowers are pistillate, median flowers are bisexual, with short pistils, with lips approximately equal in length. Autumn baskets without reed flowers, middle flowers are small, two-lipped. The upper lip is dissected into narrow lobes, the lower lip with three inconspicuous teeth.
Fruits are spindle-shaped, flattened, pubescent, with a noticeable, not disappearing tuft.
On the territory of Eurasia, two species are known - stamenless Leibnizia and Knorring Leibnizia.
Interesting facts: The genus Leibnitz was named by Alexander Cassini in honor of the German philosopher and scientist Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), the creator of mathematical logic and combinatorics. Leibnizia astamenia is endowed with very valuable healing properties. An infusion prepared on the basis of its herb is recommended to be used as an emollient for various respiratory diseases, and is also used as bitterness.

Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/22259.html



Niedzwetzky apple tree (Malus niedzwetzkyana)

Status: VU. Very rare, endemic, endangered species, with a small quantity. Valuable species for selection.
Description. In nature, trees up to 4 - 7 m in height. The bark of perennial branches is reddish-brown, while annual branches are dark purple. The leaves are dense, dark green, 7-10 cm long with a reddish tinge. The flowers are bright purple 3 - 5 cm in diameter. The fruits are medium-sized, spherical, purple-red flesh is pinkish-purple. Seeds are dark brown with a raspberry hue. In plants from the Chatkal ridge, the peel of the fruit is partially corky.
Biological features: Spread by seeds and root shoots. Leaves unfold in the third decade III. Blossoms at the end of IV - beginning of V, fructifies in VIII - IX. Vegetation ends in the first decade of X. It is very winter-hardy.
General spreading and in the country: Western Tien Shan (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan), Western China (Xinjiang). Described from Mount Mashat (Syrdarya Karatau Range). In Kyrgyzstan, the Chatkal, Uzun-Akhmat and Fergana (southeastern part) ranges.
Places of growth. In the zone of walnut forests along the bottoms of the gorges and in the lower parts of the slopes. Number. Occurs singly.
limiting factors. Strengthened economic activity. Plants do not tolerate soil compaction during grazing. The fruits are eaten by animals, stopping seed renewal. When growing together with the Kirghiz and Sievers apple trees, its flowers are pollinated and the number of seed plant decreases.
Cultivation. It is widely cultivated in Kazakhstan under the name "Kuldzhinka". Wild plants are cultivated in the botanical gardens of Tashkent, Alma - Ata, Dushanbe, Moscow. In the Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, at the age of 22, she reached 7 m in height.
Existing protection measures: Included in the Red Book of the Kirghiz SSR (1985).
Protective measures are recommended. It is necessary to take into account plants growing in the gorges of the Aflatun and Kara-Suu rivers, in the Ak-Terek-Gava tract, the gorge of the Kara-Alma river. Organize a nursery for growing genetic planting material from seeds collected in wild plantations of the species.
Interesting facts: Nedzwiecky's apple tree got its name thanks to the botanist Nedzwiecki. He presented the fruits from the tree to Dr. Dick, who introduced this species into cultivation under the aforementioned name. The tree is unpretentious, decorative, grows on average up to 6 m, with a wide raised crown.
Frost resistance is high.
Nedzvetsky's apple tree is resistant to diseases.
Use as decorative species: Malus niedzwetzkyana – one of the most charming decorative types of apple trees, a feature of which is considered to be a rich dark pink bloom. In height, the tree reaches from 5 to 8 meters, while having a round or tent-shaped crown. The branches are smooth, purplish-brown at a young age, later becoming lilac-brown. Young leaves are purple in color, then, as they bloom, they become rich emerald, and the primary color remains only on the petioles. The plant blooms profusely and with a special chic, changing the color of the emerging flowers from rich purple to a delicate pink hue. The flowers are very fragrant. The fruits of the apple tree are dark red and small, slightly larger than cherries, their diameter does not exceed 2 cm. They differ little in taste from the traditional forest wild apple tree - they are just as juicy and sour. With the onset of frost, apples do not fall off and become much tastier, moreover, they change color to purple. The apple tree bears fruit on average up to 60 years.
Nedzwiecki's apple tree is decorative all year round. In mid-May, during flowering, it is abundantly covered with bright pink flowers and fills the entire garden with a delicate aroma. In summer, small, like toy, red apples appear and the foliage darkens. In autumn, the color of the leaves changes to a fiery crimson. And in winter, unpicked and already purple apples will fall like garlands from the flexible branches of this truly unique tree. In addition to the undoubted all-season decorative effect, the Nedzwiecki apple tree is resistant to both diseases and pests. It looks good in colorful compositions, like a blooming accent. Suitable for alley planting and as a tapeworm on the lawn. Suitable for urban landscaping, except for areas with heavy traffic.
Source: Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2nd edition - Bishkek, 2007



Sievers apple tree (Malus sieversii)

Status: Category LC. A mountainous Central Asian polymorphic species, a valuable element of the gene pool, one of the minor forest-forming and fruit species [61, 21, etc.]. The only species of flora in Kyrgyzstan, which is included in the International Red Book (IUCN RLTS, category VU B1 + 2c).
Description: Trees up to 3-5 m tall, with a compact crown. Branches with reddish-brown bark, or with gray, exfoliating. Shoots are lighter than those of M. niedzwetzkyana. Leaves dense to thin, up to 10 cm long. Flowers 2-5 per inflorescence, pale pink, 5.5-6.0 cm in diameter. Apples by 2-3 on the branch, flattened-spherical, 3-7 cm in diameter, green or yellowish, often with a purple blush. sweet-sour, dryish.
Biological features: Blossoms at the end of IV - beginning of V, fructifies in VII-IX. Propagated by seeds and root shoots. The species is usually low-growing, but winter-hardy and relatively unpretentious [61, 55, etc.].
General spreading and in the country: Mountains of Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, South Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Northern Afghanistan, Xinjiang and the Tarbagatai Range. In Kyrgyzstan - the Kyrgyz ridges (northern slope), Talas (west), Suusamyr-Too (southern slope), Kavak-Too, Chatkal, Uzun-Akhmat, Atoinok, Fergana, Chatkal, Kichi and Chon-Kemin river basins; on Alai, except for the tract Turuk, and the Turkestan ranges is absent.
Places of growth. In the black forest belt, along the bottoms and slopes of gorges, at altitudes from 900 (usually from 1200 in Kyrgyzstan) to 2400 m a.s.l. y. m.
Quantity: Trees are located both separately and in relatively large groups in forests, almost throughout the entire range of the species on the territory of Kyrgyzstan. The areas of apple forests under the jurisdiction of the forestry authorities of the Republic, in which the Sievers apple is the main species, according to estimates for 2000, have an area of about 16.7 thousand hectares.
limiting factors: Economic activity, overgrazing. In a number of places of growth, trees are cut down for fuel, and are periodically severely affected by harmful insects.
Cultivation. It is widely cultivated in Central Asia and in the countries of the former USSR (to the north to Moscow and Kaliningrad), in Kyrgyzstan it is sometimes grown by local residents in household plots. It has been cultivated in the Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic since 1953. Apple trees grown from seeds and began to bear fruit at the age of 8.
Existing protection measures: The species was listed in the IUCN RLTS in 1994 as vulnerable on a global scale, and also in the Red Book of Kazakhstan in 1981 as declining in numbers. A number of habitats are located in protected areas in the Western Tien Shan (in Kyrgyzstan - in the reserves of Padysha-Ata, Sary-Chelek and Besh-Aral, as well as in the reserves of Dashman, Uzun-Akhmat, Iirisuy, etc.).
Protective measures are recommended. Take control of marginal populations (on the ridges of Suusamyr-Too, Kavak-Too, Alai), increase the amount of fines for the destruction of trees, as objects under the protection of the IUCN.

Source: Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2nd edition - Bishkek, 2007



Onosma brevipilosa

Short-haired onosma (Onosma brevipilosa)
Genus: Onosma < family: Borageaceae < order: Borageaceae < class: Dicotyledonous < division: Flowering.
Botanical description of the genus: The life form is a subshrub up to 40 cm high. The structure of the root system is characteristic, it is represented by the main root system, in the upper part of the main root a branched caudex is formed, covered with the remains of dead leaves, it is a set of lower perennial parts of shoots of renewal of increasing order in herbaceous taproot perennials .
The shoot is elongated, erect. Differences between the shoots: the leaf arrangement on the shoot is alternate.
The leaf arrangement is regular. The leaf is simple, sessile; there is no division; the attachment is sessile; the edge is smooth.
The inflorescence is apical. Flowers: perianth actinomorphic, fused-petalled; number of petals 5; inflorescence curl. The stem has characteristic pubescence.
Fruits: dry type; dry nut.
Interesting Facts:
For medicinal purposes, different types of onosma are actively used in both official and traditional medicine. The medicinal raw materials are the leaves, flowers and stems of the plant. Thanks to the components included in the chemical composition of the herb, onosma has a pronounced sedative, hypotensive, diuretic effect, lowers blood pressure, and calms the central nervous system.

Sources of information: https://openfito.ru/vids/vid/46754
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/112365.htm
https://www.plantarium.ru/dat/plants/3/365/112365_8d502578.jpg



Oxytropis fedtschenkoana

Oxytropis can also be found in botany literature under the name Oxytropis. This representative of the flora belongs to the subfamily Moths (Faboideae), which is part of the large family Legumes (Fabaceae).
Botanical description of the genus:Herbaceous plant, life form - rosette.
Flowers: perianth zygomorphic; number of petals 5; inflorescence raceme.
External signs of leaves: elongated shape; the division is pinnate; orders of complexity 1; petiole attachment; there is no division; smooth edge; leaves are compound; stipule or trumpet appendages; oval or elliptical shape.
Differences between the shoots: the leaf arrangement on the shoot is alternate.
Fruits: dry type; dry pod or bean; color with shades of brown.
Interesting facts: In Mongolian folk medicine, healers prepared a remedy for curing anthrax from the herb. The use of the plant requires special caution, since inhalation of vapors or a decoction of this plant may cause dizziness and drowsiness. However, official medicine does not use ostracism, and it is not included in the pharmacopoeial list. There are also a number of contraindications for the use of drugs based on this representative of the flora, since the plant is poisonous.

Information sources: https://openfito.ru/vids/vid/47387
https://tutknow.ru/garden_and_orchard/14410-ostrolodochnik-sovety-po-posadke-i-uhodu-v-otkrytom-grunte-i-ego-primenenie.html - use in landscape design
Photo sources: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/26291.html

Oxytropis masarensis

Oxytropis can also be found in botany literature under the name Oxytropis. This representative of the flora belongs to the subfamily Moths (Faboideae), which is part of the large family Legumes (Fabaceae).
Botanical description of the genus: Herbaceous plant, life form - rosette.
Flowers: perianth zygomorphic; number of petals 5; inflorescence raceme.
External signs of leaves: shape - elongated; division - pinnate; order of complexity - 1; attachment - petiolate; division - absent; edge - smooth; leaves - compound; appendages - stipules or trumpets; shape - oval or elliptical. Differences in shoots: the leaf arrangement on the shoot is regular.
Fruits: dry type; dry pod or bean; color with shades of brown.
Interesting Facts: Oxytropis is a perennial whose medicinal properties have long been known in folk medicine. Basically, a decoction is prepared from it, used for neuroses and neurasthenia, as well as to eliminate manifestations of vegetative-vascular dystonia. It has been noted to have a strong sedative and narcotic effect, as well as the ability to heal wounds, resist microbes and inflammation, and tone the body.

Source: https://openfito.ru/vids/vid/47489
https://tutknow.ru/garden_and_orchard/14410-ostrolodochnik-sovety-po-posadke-i-uhodu-v-otkrytom-grunte-i-ego-primenenie.html



Phlomoides urodonta

A species of dicotyledonous plants of the genus Zopniczek (Phlomoides) of the Lamiaceae family. First described by Russian botanist Mikhail Grigorievich Popov under the name Phlomis urodonta Popovbasionym; transferred to the genus Phlomoides by Tishabai Adylov, Rudolf Vladimirovich Kamelin and M. A. Makhmedov in 1987.
Botanical description
Perennial. Hemicryptophyte. In the tree-shrub belt. Distribution: Chatkal ridge - lake area. Sary-Chelek. General distribution: endemic.
The rhizome is thick, with cord-like roots.
Stems are single, straight, 60-70 cm high, glabrous, under the inflorescence with long hairs. Leaves are basal (13) 15-16 cm long and 6-7 cm wide, ovate, heart-shaped at the base, on petioles 16-17 (20) cm long, rounded crenate, obtuse at the top; stem - similar, reduced; all naked above, with sparse hairs along the veins below, sessile at the whorls.
The inflorescence is spike-shaped or whorled. The inflorescence is branching at the bottom; whorls are multi-flowered, close together. The bracts are lanceolate, rigid, numerous, equal to or shorter than the calyx tube, pubescent with multi-segmented and glandular hairs. The calyx is tubular-bell-shaped, leathery, with prominent veins, along which and at the edges of the teeth there are long, segmented and simple hairs, with broadly ovate teeth, 3-4 mm long, elongated upward into a long point 5-8 mm long. The corolla is creamy-pinkish, significantly longer than the calyx, and at the top, on the outer side, it is pubescent with single, two-membered hairs; upper lip on the inside along the edge with a dense beard of hairs, unequally toothed, shorter than the lower one; the lower lip is fan-shaped and three-lobed; middle lobe widely rounded; lateral-ovoid. The stamens protrude from the corolla, with broadly oblong appendages at the base. The stigma lobes are of unequal length.
Blooms in June-July. Fruits in August. The fruit is a nut. Nutlets at the top with short hairs.
Interesting Facts: Zopnik from Greek “phlos – fire”. Due to its thick felt pubescence, the plant was used in ancient times to make wicks.

Source: https://djvu.online/file/F4HsUwI69s8GI
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/80455.html



Pseudosedum Fergana (Pseudosedum ferganense)

Zoning: Central Asia and Kazakhstan, Western Tien Shan and Karatau, Kyrgyzstan.
Description. The stem is very short, simple or branching. Fruiting stems 1-3 in number, thin, straight or somewhat ascending, simple, 10-20 cm tall. Barren stems are densely leafy. The leaves are oblong, 0.8 cm long and 0.2 cm wide. Inflorescence many-flowered, umbellate-corymbose. Calyx up to 0.2 cm long. Corolla bell-funnel-shaped, pink, pale pink when dry.
Biological features: Flowering in May-June.

Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/232127.html

Saxifraga vvedenskyi

Other names: Rupture-grass.
Genus: Saxifraga < family: Saxifragaceae < order: Saxifragaceae < class: Dicotyledonous < division: Flowering.
Saxifraga Vvedensky is a genus of flowering plants. First described by Abdullaeva in 1974.
Spreading: Central Asia.
Botanical description of the genus: Terrestrial perennial, herb, rosette. Type: socket, pillow.
Flowers: perianth - actinomorphic; number of petals - 5.
Differences in shoots: shoots are erect;
External signs of leaves: leaves - simple; division is absent. The leaves are 10-15 mm in size, linear-spatulate, mucroniated, leaf arrangement on the shoot is alternate.
Flower stems are glandular-pubescent, inflorescence is cymose, sepals are triangular, glabrous, petals are 5-7 mm long, obovate.
Flowers: actinomorphic perianth; number of petals - 5. Color - white. Blooms in spring.
Fruits: dry type; dry box.

Source: https://openfito.ru/vids/vid/55303 http://flora.kadel.cz/cb/kvCard10986.html
https://ceb.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxifraga_vvedenskyi
Photo source: https://floragridmap.uz/collections/10574/

Scutellaria knorringiae

Botanical description of the genus: Subshrub with a woody creeping stem, developing several stems 10-20 cm tall, rising at the base: shoots are covered with soft, spaced or downwardly deflected hairs
Leaves are 1.5-3.5 cm long, 1.2-2.5 cm wide, broadly ovate, with a heart-shaped base, obtuse at the apex, crenate-toothed along the edge, with 6-10 fairly equal-sized blunt teeth about 1.5 mm tall on each side, green on both sides, covered with numerous small stalked glands and single long simple hairs, more numerous only along the edge of the leaf and along the veins below; petioles are short.
Bracts are about 1.3 cm long, 0.7 cm wide, broadly elliptical or ovate, entire or lower b. h. with a few teeth, green or slightly lilac, b. m. densely glandular and hairy, loosely imbricated.
The inflorescence is 2.5-4.5 cm long at the time of flowering. The calyx during flowering is about 2.5 mm long, densely covered with stalked glands with an admixture of simple long hairs. The corolla is large, up to 3 cm long; yellow or with a somewhat violet-colored upper lip inside, densely glandular outside. Color. VII.

Spreading: Endemic. Chatkal and At-Oynok ranges. Along the slopes of mountains and gorges.
Sources of information: https://djvu.online/file/F4HsUwI69s8GI
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/695721.html

Scutellaria urticifolia

Genus: Scutellaria < family: Lamiaceae < order: Lamiaceae < class: Dicotyledonous < division: Flowering.
Spreading: Fergana ridge foothills. Hill slopes, on clay-crushed stone soil.
General Spreading: Endemic
Botanical description of the genus: Life form is herbaceous, terrestrial, perennial. Perennial. The stem and bases of the stems are woody; one-year-old shoots are almost erect, pale green or pale purple, pubescent with tiny curved hairs. Differences in shoots: leaf arrangement on the shoot is opposite.
External signs of leaves: leaves are simple; petiole attachment. Leaves are 1-3.2 cm long, 0.6-1.8 cm wide, ovate, with a broadly wedge-shaped base, acute at the apex, coarsely incised - crenate-toothed, with 5-7 obliquely upward directed teeth on each side, with green on both sides, bare above, with barely noticeable, very short felt pubescence below, or sometimes almost bare, without any traces of anthocyanin coloring: petioles 1-8 mm long, weakly felt, not glandular. The inflorescence is about 4, with fruits up to 7 cm long, quite dense. The bracts are light green, usually not more than 1 cm long and wide, broadly ovate or almost rounded, short and suddenly pointed at the apex, the lower ones along the edge are often serrated, covered with abundant long, protruding, simple hairs and much shorter stalked ones. glands. The corolla is about 2.5 cm long, with a wide tube, yellow, short stalked glandular on the outside. Flowers: perianth zygomorphic, fused-petaled; number of petals - 5. Blooms in May. Fruits: dry type; dry nut.

Sources of information: https://djvu.online/file/F4HsUwI69s8GI
https://openfito.ru/vids/vid/56008



Scutellaria xanthoslphon

Spreading: Fergana. Alai ridges. Subalpine meadows.
General distribution. Endemic.
Botanical description of the genus: Subshrub with woody rhizomes and roots. Several stems (2-5), 15-25 cm tall, from a slightly rising base, almost erect, woody in the lower part, slightly curved or twisting, simple, pale green, covered along the entire length with very small, dense and longer scattered, protruding hairs. Leaves are 1-3 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, ovate, approximately twice as long as their width, slightly narrowed or broadly wedge-shaped at the base, obtuse at the apex, shallowly irregularly serrated along the edge, with 6-9 teeth on each side , the lower of which are sometimes sharp; the rest are unequal, with an outer edge twice as long as the inner one, green on both sides, covered with scattered (more dense at the bottom) small hairs, with protruding veins below; petioles of the lower leaves are up to 1.5 cm long, the upper ones are shorter, pubescent like stems, but with longer and often denser hairs. Bracts 1.5-3 cm long, 0.6-2.1 cm wide, ovate or elliptic, pointed, leaf-shaped, green, covered with rather dense, simple, long, soft hairs on the outside over the entire surface and especially along the edge , usually with slightly protruding veins, the lower ones with several teeth.
The inflorescence is 3.5-6 cm long, loose. The calyx during flowering is about 3 mm long, densely hairy. Corolla about 3 cm long, bicolored, with a bright yellow tube and purple lips, very finely hairy and glandular on the outside Color VI

Source of information: https://djvu.online/file/F4HsUwI69s8GI - Key to plants of the Kirghiz SSR T.9. Family Lamiaceae.
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/695721.html



Seseli giganteum

Seseli is a genus of herbaceous plants in the Apiaceae family.
Representatives of the genus are common in Europe, Western Siberia, Asia Minor and Central Asia.
A number of species grow in meadows and forests, others on rocky slopes or steppes, and some on sands.
Botanical description of the genus.
Biennial and perennial herbs, 10 - 120 cm tall. The stem is ribbed. The leaves are repeatedly pinnately dissected. The flowers are white, yellowish or pinkish, collected in an umbrella. The fruit is a two-seed.
Interesting Facts:
Seseli is also known as moon carrot. In the first year, the plant forms a large rosette of succulent silver-gray leaves. In the second year, a peduncle is formed with a large umbrella of pink flowers, which become white as they age. The healing properties of these representatives of the flora have been known since ancient times. Seseli giganteum was used by many peoples to heal wounds, normalize digestion and fight colds.
This plant contains geraniol. Especially a lot of it in the seeds. This strong fragrance is used in the production of creams, shampoos, soaps, lotions and other perfumes.
Due to its strong odor, geraniol is also used in the manufacture of insect repellents.

Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/529742.html
Source: https://agronom.guru/sadovodstvo/trava/zhabritsa

Silene eviscosa

Genus: Resinous < family: Carnationaceae < order: Carnationaceae < class: Dicotyledonous < division: Floralaceae.
Botanical description of the species: Flowers: actinomorphic perianth; number of petals 5.
External signs of leaves: leaves are simple; there is no division.
Differences in shoots: leaf arrangement on the shoot is opposite.
Fruits: dry capsule; dry type.

Source of information: https://openfito.ru/vids/vid/56866



Silene Fetissov (Silene fetissovii)

Silene is a flowering plant of the Clove family (Caryophyllaceae).
Botanical description of the genus: Annual or perennial herbs, rarely subshrubs. Stems erect or ascending, branched.
The leaves are opposite, sessile, lanceolate, linear, spatulate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Leaves and stems glabrous or hairy, glandular-pubescent.
Flowers are monoecious or dioecious, in dichasia collected in common paniculate or spike-shaped inflorescences, sometimes solitary; calyx cleft; corolla white, greenish, pink or purple, often with a rim; five petals; ovary usually with three columns. Bloom from May to autumn. Plants usually quickly complete the development cycle and produce a large number of seeds.
The fruit is a three-celled capsule. In 1 g up to 2200 seeds.
Plants of the genus Silene have a sticky resinous substance called "sticky snares" into which small insects fall.
Interesting Facts: Many types of Silene are used in folk medicine. Some of the species are decorative.
In English, Silene a is called a flycatcher. In Russian, depending on the type, it is a cracker (by the type of inflorescence) and a nap. The latter name is consistent with the use of decoction from this plant by the Xhosa people of South Africa. They collect Silene flowers that blooms under the full moon, take its extract and see strange dreams.

Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/715935.html



Tanacetopsis ferganensis

Another name for this plant is Cancrinia fergana.
Tanacetopsis (lat. Tanacetopsis) is a genus of herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae family. The genus was isolated by S.S. Kovalevskaya from the section of the genus Cancrinia Kar of the same name. & Kir., description published in the sixth volume of Flora of Uzbekistan in 1962.
Botanical description of the genus: Perennial herbaceous plants. The baskets are sometimes solitary, or collected in loose corymbose inflorescences, sitting at the ends of long, leafless branches. The baskets are homogamous with tubular bisexual flowers. The involucre is hemispherical, multirowed, imbricated from leaflets with a membranous border along the edge and at the apex, or only at the apex. The achenes are narrowed, wedge-shaped and ribbed. The crest is in the form of a short membranous crown, dissected to varying degrees.
Interesting Facts: Some closely related species to Tanacetopsis, such as Cancrinia discoidea, are used in traditional medicine as an edible tonic plant and as a medicine to treat a number of conditions such as inflammation, skin ulcers, bleeding and abdominal pain.
A flavonoid has been isolated from the herb Cancrinia aliguella, which exhibits a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.



Tulipa anadroma

Species status: VU (vulnerable) - conservation status according to the IUCN Red List classification (IUCN, 2001).
Spreading in the Western Tien Shan (Chatkal Region). Endemic.
Botanical description.
The whole plant seems to strive upward - a straight, relatively high stem (up to 30 cm), narrow, upward-pointing keeled leaves, a narrow elongated flower with deflected tips of only the outer tepals. Leaves 3-4; the lower leaf extends from the stem 2-3 cm above ground level, it is lanceolate and sharp; the upper leaves are pressed to the stem.
Vegetation III-V. Flowering IV. Fruiting V.
Poorly reproduces vegetatively. One very small daughter bulb can rarely form only in the largest bulbs. Forms seeds.
Value: Ornamental plant.
Cultivation: It has been cultivated in the BS NAS KR since 1970. Repeatedly brought from the Chatkal ridge. The collection contains 8-10 bulbs from 2 forms (tall - about 30 cm and short - 15 cm).
Threats: It is under threat due to uncontrolled collection of flowers, eating of bulbs by wild animals in the spring, and excessive grazing.

Information source: Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2nd edition - Bishkek, 2007.
https://openfito.ru/vids/vid/60747
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/dat/plants/7/723/88723_5ede9dce.jpg
https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/88723.html



Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia)

Status: III. Critically Endangered, CR C2a(i): R, C1.
General spreading and in the country: It is found in 12 mountainous countries of Asia. In Kyrgyzstan - on the Pskem, Chandalash, Talas, Kyrgyz, Suusamyr, Chatkal, Fergana, Turkestan, Alai ridges, as well as Kungei and Teskey Ala-Too, Naryn-Too, Moldo-Too, At-Bashi, Sary-Jazz and Kokshaal -Too.
Habitats: In the alpine and subalpine landscape zones at an altitude of 3,000 to 4,000 m, it prefers a moderately dissected relief with separate elevations for viewing and shelters in the form of stones and clumps of shrubs (caragana, juniper). The forest belt is usually visited when moving from one river valley to another. In winter, it is also found in the upper forest zone, following mountain goats.
Quantity: It was considered a common species on many mountain ranges, the total number at the beginning of the 80s was estimated at 1400 individuals, according to E. Koshkarev - at 600-700 individuals, but not more than 1000. Over the past 10-12 years, the population of the species has decreased by 5-10 times and continues to decrease, at present it does not exceed 150–250 individuals. The highest density is in the highlands of the Northern Tien Shan, approximately the same is in Alay, the Inner and Central Tien Shan, and the lowest is in the Western Tien Shan. The world population of the species is 5-7 thousand individuals.
Lifestyle (life cycles): Lives settled. It is active at twilight and night hours, in winter and spring, when ungulates are active during the day, it is also found in the daytime. Rutting - in February-March, the pregnancy of females lasts 98-103 days, there are 1-3 cubs in the litter (very rarely - up to 5). The female gives birth once every 2 years, puberty occurs at the age of two. The main prey is mountain goats, argali, marmots, less often - roe deer, marals, wild boars, hares, snowcocks, partridge (kekliks). Diseases are poorly understood, cases of rabies and itchy scabies are known.
limiting factors: Anthropogenic: permitted trapping (late 19th-early 20th centuries); development of sheep breeding and development of mountains, poaching.
Breeding (keeping in captivity): Successfully bred in many zoos of the world, the total number is not less than 700 individuals, including in 6 zoos of the CIS.
Existing protection measures: Hunting on the territory of Kyrgyzstan has been prohibited since 1948, since 1959, liability for hunting and trapping without licenses has been established. It is included in the International CC and Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna. Since 1975, it has been included in the List of Specially Protected Species of Kyrgyzstan. It is protected on the territory of Sarychelek, Besharal, Naryn, Karatal-Zhapyryk, Sarychat-Ertash (created in 1993 primarily for this species) reserves, as well as in Alaarcha, Karakol and Chonkemin national natural parks.
Protective measures are recommended: Establishment of a protected area in Alai. Strengthening the propaganda of the protection of the species among the local population, strengthening the protection and implementation of the relevant articles of the Law on the Protection of the Wildlife of Kyrgyzstan (2000).

Source: Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2nd edition - Bishkek, 2007