RED BOOK: KGZ16 Dashman Key biodiversity area

Acantholimon Knorring (Acantholimon knorringianum)

Botanical description of the species: Belongs to the genus Acantholimon, family Limoniaceae. A subshrub that forms dense, sometimes hemispherical cushions 20-40 cm in diameter. Leaves are 0.8-1.5 cm long, about 1 mm wide, flat-triangular, narrow-linear-lanceolate, hard, with a hard tip, glabrous, finely ciliated, rough, green along the edge. Peduncles are short, do not exceed the leaves, and are simple. Flowers are in single-flowered spikelets, collected in 2-5 spikelets. Bracts glabrous; outer ones 7-8 mm long, ovate-lanceolate, with a long point, rather widely membranous; the inner ones are 1.5 times longer than the outer ones, slightly higher than the calyx tube or equal to it, gradually pointed at the top, with a rather long point. Calyx 14-17 mm long, funnel-shaped; calyx tube 8-9 mm long, sparsely pubescent or almost bare between veins; limb 6-8 mm in diameter, white, vaguely 10-lobed, with bare veins. Petals are pink.
Phenology. It blooms in July-August, bears fruit in September.
Ecology. Grows in rocky habitats at altitudes of 2600-3000 m above sea level. u. m. Distribution in Kyrgyzstan. Fergana Range (Baubash-Ata Mountains).
General distribution. Endemic.
Cultivation. No information available.
Meaning. Ornamental plant.
Conservation in Kyrgyzstan. No conservation measures were taken.
Interesting facts: The name of the Greek etymology, “acanthos” - thorn, thorn and “leimon” - meadow, clearly explains the life form of plants.
Information sources. Lazkov G.A., Umralina A.R. Endemics and rare plant species of Kyrgyzstan (Atlas) – FAO. Ankara, 2015

Use in landscape design: https://101dizain.ru/wiki/plant/alp/akantolimon.html
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/82495.html



Astragalus irisui ( Astragalus irisuensis)

Astragalus is the largest genus in the Legume family. 2,455 plant species have a common name.
They are perennial plants or subshrubs that grow primarily in the temperate biome.
Astragalus are widespread in China, Mongolia, and Central Asia. In Kyrgyzstan, the predominance of species of the genus Astragalus (Astragalus) is noted - 169 species. Most astragals have not been studied at all. Many species of astragalus are food plants. Among the astragals there are melliferous and medicinal plants.
Botanical description of the species: The native range of Astragalus irisui is the south of Kyrgyzstan.
Flowers: perianth - zygomorphic; number of petals - 5; inflorescence - brush.
External signs of leaves: leaves - complex; division - pinnate; orders of complexity - 1; attachment - petiolate; division - absent.
Differences in shoots: the leaf arrangement on the shoot is regular.
Fruits: dry type; dry pod or bean.
Interesting Facts: The Latin name "Astragalus" is derived from the Greek word for the dice that the seeds resemble. Astragalus is often called the herb of life of Kremlin leaders. According to rumors, this plant helped them look younger than their age until they were old.
Astragalus became widely known after the 70s of the twentieth century, when scientists started talking about its healing properties and established the exact chemical composition.

Source of information:https://vitgid.ru/pitanie/superfoods/travy/astragalus/astragal/
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/610400.html



Chesneya quintuple (Chesneya quinate)

There are about 20 species in the genus. Growing in Western and Central Asia, Mongolia and up to Eastern India.
Genus: Chesneya < family: Legumes < order: Legumes < class: Dicotyledonous < division: Flowering.
Botanical description of the species: Perennial. The root is taproot, slightly thickened. Stems shortened to 7 cm in length. The leaves are quintuple, the upper leaflet is much larger than the others, broadly ovate, with a width exceeding its length, notched or truncated at the apex. Flowers in number 3-5 (7). The calyx is covered with long white and black soft hairs. The corolla is dirty greenish-yellow.
Phenology. Blooms in June-July, bears fruit in July-August. Fruits: dry bean; dry type; dry pod or bean.
Ecology. It grows in clayey habitats in groups of variegated vegetation at altitudes of 900-1600 m above sea level. u. m. Distribution in Kyrgyzstan. Fergana ridge.
General distribution. Endemic.
Cultivation. No information available.
Meaning. Ornamental plant.
Conservation in Kyrgyzstan. No conservation measures were taken.

Information sources. Lazkov G.A., Umralina A.R. Endemics and rare plant species of Kyrgyzstan (Atlas) – FAO. Ankara, 2015
https://openfito.ru/vids/vid/31385
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/193448.html



Elisante Fedchenko ( Elisanthe fedtschenkoana )

Family: Caryophyllaceae
Other names: Silene fedtschenkoana (Preobr.) Lazkov
Botanical description of the species:
Perennial, pubescent with long segmented non-glandular hairs, in the upper part - with an admixture of glandular hairs. The root is thick, radish-like.
Stems are 80-100 (150) cm tall, ascending from the base, branching in inflorescences. Bracts 5-7 mm long, lanceolate, herbaceous.
Pedicels 5-25 mm long. Calyx (14) 16-18 (20) mm long, 5-6 mm wide, narrowly bell-shaped, swollen when fruiting, broadly bell-shaped, with 10 slightly visible veins. Petals 13-18 mm long Styles glabrous. Capsule 8-10 mm long, 7-9 mm wide, rounded-ovate. Carpophorus 5-7 mm long, pubescent. Seeds are 1.2-1.5 mm in diameter, rounded, kidney-shaped, brown. Phenology. Blooms in June-August, bears fruit in July-August.
Ecology. Grows in the belt of broad-leaved (walnut) forests, 1500-2500 m above sea level.
Distribution in Kyrgyzstan. Chatkal and Fergana ranges.
General distribution. Endemic.
Cultivation. No information available.
Meaning. Ornamental plant.
Conservation in Kyrgyzstan. No conservation measures were taken.

Source of information. Lazkov G.A., Umralina A.R. Endemics and rare plant species of Kyrgyzstan (Atlas) – FAO. Ankara, 2015
Photo source: https://my.mail.ru/mail/glazkov1963/photo/1/4.html



Exochorda tianschanica

Other names: Tien Shan string carp.
Zoning: Central Asia and Kazakhstan, Western Tien Shan. A very rare species, protected in nature reserves.
Botanic description of the genus: This is the most graceful bush of all exochords. She has the longest flower brush, on which there are 15-18 small white flowers. This is a perennial beautifully flowering shrub that belongs to the Rosaceae family.
Exochorda is a drought-resistant plant. But it has low winter hardiness. The shoots have time to ripen by winter, but in frostier winters the branches may freeze to the level of the snow cover, which delays flowering.
Botanical description of the species:
Zoning: Central Asia and Kazakhstan, Western Tien Shan.
This species is very rare and is protected in nature reserves. This is the most graceful bush of all exochords. She has the longest flower brush, on which there are 15-18 small white flowers. But this plant has low winter hardiness. The shoots have time to ripen by winter, but in frostier winters the branches may freeze to the level of the snow cover, which delays flowering. Carpal inflorescences are the longest of all exochords, consisting of 15-18 small whitish flowers.
Interesting facts: Name: from the Greek 'exo' - external; 'chorde' - string, chord; for the fibers covering the placenta.

Sources of information: https://vybor-spb.ru/ekzohorda/
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/82488.html



Hedysarum chaitocarpum

Status: EN. A relict endemic species found in walnut-fruit forests.
Botanical description of the genus. Perennial, up to 60 cm in height, herbaceous plant with bare stems and fused stipules. Leaflets 3-8 paired, oblong or elliptical, up to 45 mm long, up to 22 mm wide. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of 20-30 flowers. The calyx is much shorter than the corolla, the corolla is up to 22 mm long, pink-purple, the bean has 3-5 segments. The surface of the fruit is transversely ribbed, covered with short, thin bristles. There are individuals in which the setae on the fruits are not developed.
Features of biology. Flowers VI, fruits VII-VIII. Propagated by seeds.
The distribution is general throughout the country. Chatkal, Uzun-Akhmat, Fergana and Alai ranges (Achinsky, Gava forestry enterprises, Sary-Chelek reserve, Kara-Shoro river basin, near the waterfall in Arslanbab).
Growing conditions. Walnut and other broad-leaved forests, shrubs, tall grass meadows, extends into the subalpine zone.
Number. It occurs very rarely in groups, in most cases - alone. It was once widespread.
Limiting factors. Anthropogenic impact in general on forests and haymaking.
Cultivation. No information.
Existing protection measures: Special protection measures have not been developed and are included in the Red Book of the Kyrgyz SSR.
Recommended security measures. Count the population, clarify the habitat, organize botanical reserves in places of greatest concentration of the population. Introduction to culture.

Source of information: https://open.kg/about-kyrgyzstan/nature/red-book/fungi-and-higher-plants/31789-kopeechnik-schetinoplodnyy-memesu-tuktuu-tyyynchanak-chaeto-fruited-sweet-broom.html
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/121563.html



Оносма коротковолосистая (Onosma brevipilosa)

Short-haired onosma (Onosma brevipilosa)
Genus: Onosma < family: Borageaceae < order: Borageaceae < class: Dicotyledonous < division: Flowering.
Botanical description of the genus: The life form is a subshrub up to 40 cm high. The structure of the root system is characteristic, it is represented by the main root system, in the upper part of the main root a branched caudex is formed, covered with the remains of dead leaves, it is a set of lower perennial parts of shoots of renewal of increasing order in herbaceous taproot perennials .
The shoot is elongated, erect. Differences between the shoots: the leaf arrangement on the shoot is alternate.
The leaf arrangement is regular. The leaf is simple, sessile; there is no division; the attachment is sessile; the edge is smooth.
The inflorescence is apical. Flowers: perianth actinomorphic, fused-petalled; number of petals 5; inflorescence curl. The stem has characteristic pubescence.
Fruits: dry type; dry nut.
Interesting Facts: For medicinal purposes, different types of onosma are actively used in both official and traditional medicine. The medicinal raw materials are the leaves, flowers and stems of the plant. Thanks to the components included in the chemical composition of the herb, onosma has a pronounced sedative, hypotensive, diuretic effect, lowers blood pressure, and calms the central nervous system.

Sources of information: https://openfito.ru/vids/vid/46754
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/112365.htm



Pseudosedum Fergana (Pseudosedum ferganense)

Zoning: Central Asia and Kazakhstan, Western Tien Shan and Karatau, Kyrgyzstan.
Description of the spesies. The stem is very short, simple or branching. Fruiting stems 1-3 in number, thin, straight or somewhat ascending, simple, 10-20 cm tall. Barren stems are densely leafy. The leaves are oblong, 0.8 cm long and 0.2 cm wide. Inflorescence many-flowered, umbellate-corymbose. Calyx up to 0.2 cm long. Corolla bell-funnel-shaped, pink, pale pink when dry.
Biological features: Flowering in May-June.

Sources of information: https://openfito.ru/vids/vid/51759
http://www.agbina.com/98/109378
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/232127.html



Salvia Schmalhausen (Salvia schmalhausenii)

Family: Lamiaceae
Botanical description of the species:
The roots are taprooted, woody, dark brown.
Stems are numerous, 40-60 cm tall. The lower leaves are 2-4 cm long, 1.0-1.2 cm wide, elliptical, wedge-shaped at the base, sharp at the apex, sparsely but coarsely toothed along the edges, glabrous at the top. The inflorescence is racemose, consisting of 4-6 widely spaced two-flowered false whorls. The calyx is 1-2 cm long, dissected at 1/3 of the length. Corolla purple 3.5-4.5 cm long; the upper lip is short, wide, flattened, notched; lower lip with wide, semi-rounded, bent lateral and obversely heart-shaped hanging middle lobe. The posterior stamens are transformed into staminodes. Stigma with two unequal lobes.
Phenology. Blooms in June-July, bears fruit in July-August.
Ecology. It grows in rocky habitats, among shrubs, at altitudes of 1900-2200 m above sea level. u. m.
Distribution in Kyrgyzstan. Chatkal and Fergana ranges.
General distribution. Endemic.
Cultivation. No information available.
Meaning. Ornamental plant.
Conservation in Kyrgyzstan. No conservation measures were taken.

Information sources. Lazkov G.A., Umralina A.R. Endemics and rare plant species of Kyrgyzstan (Atlas) – FAO. Ankara, 2015
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/695713.html



Scutellum yellowtube (Scutellaria xanthosiphon)

Spreading: Fergana. Alai ridges. Subalpine meadows.
General distribution. Endemic.
Botanical description of the genus: Subshrub with woody rhizomes and roots. Several stems (2-5), 15-25 cm tall, from a slightly rising base, almost erect, woody in the lower part, slightly curved or twisting, simple, pale green, covered along the entire length with very small, dense and longer scattered, protruding hairs. Leaves are 1-3 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, ovate, approximately twice as long as their width, slightly narrowed or broadly wedge-shaped at the base, obtuse at the apex, shallowly irregularly serrated along the edge, with 6-9 teeth on each side , the lower of which are sometimes sharp; the rest are unequal, with an outer edge twice as long as the inner one, green on both sides, covered with scattered (more dense at the bottom) small hairs, with protruding veins below; petioles of the lower leaves are up to 1.5 cm long, the upper ones are shorter, pubescent like stems, but with longer and often denser hairs. Bracts 1.5-3 cm long, 0.6-2.1 cm wide, ovate or elliptic, pointed, leaf-shaped, green, covered with rather dense, simple, long, soft hairs on the outside over the entire surface and especially along the edge , usually with slightly protruding veins, the lower ones with several teeth.
The inflorescence is 3.5-6 cm long, loose. The calyx during flowering is about 3 mm long, densely hairy. Corolla about 3 cm long, bicolored, with a bright yellow tube and purple lips, very finely hairy and glandular on the outside Color VI

Source of information: https://djvu.online/file/F4HsUwI69s8GI - Key to plants of the Kirghiz SSR T.9. Family Lamiaceae.
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/695721.html

Tanacetopsis ferganensis

Another name for this plant is Cancrinia fergana.
Tanacetopsis (lat. Tanacetopsis) is a genus of herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae family. The genus was isolated by S.S. Kovalevskaya from the section of the genus Cancrinia Kar of the same name. & Kir., description published in the sixth volume of Flora of Uzbekistan in 1962.
Botanical description of the genus:
Perennial herbaceous plants. The baskets are sometimes solitary, or collected in loose corymbose inflorescences, sitting at the ends of long, leafless branches. The baskets are homogamous with tubular bisexual flowers. The involucre is hemispherical, multirowed, imbricated from leaflets with a membranous border along the edge and at the apex, or only at the apex. The achenes are narrowed, wedge-shaped and ribbed. The crest is in the form of a short membranous crown, dissected to varying degrees.
Interesting Facts: Some closely related species to Tanacetopsis, such as Cancrinia discoidea, are used in traditional medicine as an edible tonic plant and as a medicine to treat a number of conditions such as inflammation, skin ulcers, bleeding and abdominal pain.
A flavonoid has been isolated from the herb Cancrinia aliguella, which exhibits a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.

Source:https://magnitschool.ru/ed3c6d/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81
Herbarium photo source: https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/item/MW0886673



Pear Korzhinsky [Pyrus korshinskyi]

Status: VU. One of three species growing on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. The taxon is unknown. Narrow local endemic of the Western Tien Shan. Valuable gene pool for selection of drought-resistant southern high-yielding varieties of pears.
Description: A tree with a spherical-spreading or elongated crown up to 10 - 12 m in height. Shoots are dark brown, young, pubescent in the first half of the growing season, then almost naked or naked. Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or tongue-shaped, 5-10 cm long, with the greatest width in the lower part, crenate-serrate along the edge. Flowers 2-2.5 cm in diameter, white, petals oblong-oval with a short nail. The fruits are broad pear-shaped, greenish-yellow, juicy, slightly astringent in taste.
Biological features: It belongs to the group of East Asian pears or their hybrids, which are characterized by a short dormant period, poor winter hardiness, high resistance to fungal diseases and drought resistance. Propagated by seeds and root shoots. The leaves unfold in the second and third decades of IV. Under natural conditions, it blooms in V, bears fruit at the end of VIII - IX. Leaf fall begins at the end of IX and does not end before the onset of winter.
General spreading and in the country: Western Tien Shan, Pamir-Alai (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan). In Kyrgyzstan - Chatkal and Fergana ranges.
Places of growth: Dry gravelly, gravel-stony and fine-earth slopes, along the banks of the sais, in the lower and middle belt of mountains within 1200-1700 m a.s.l.
Quantity: insignificant. Meets singly.
limiting factors: Felling fruit-bearing trees. Lack of seed renewal.
Cultivation. In the arboretum - reserve of the Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, it is grown from seeds collected in the vicinity of the village. Charvak, on the Ferghana Range in 1954. Adult specimens endure the winter satisfactorily.
Existing protection measures: It has been protected on the territory of the republic since 1975 in accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the Kirghiz SSR. Included in the Red Book of the Kirghiz SSR (1985).
Protective measures are recommended: Establish strict control over the number and condition of the species. All copies are to be protected.

Source: Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2nd edition - Bishkek, 2007
Photo source: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/image/id/563291.html


Primrose Eugenia (Primula eugeniae)

Status: VU. Narrow endemic, rare, highly ornamental species. Occurs in small numbers, in a limited area in the Ferghana Range, can quickly disappear.
Description: Perennial rhizomatous plant. The leaves are broadly elliptical, serrated, glabrous above, the surfaces along the veins are softly pubescent, on long narrow-winged petioles. Inflorescence umbellate. Calyx bell-shaped, glabrous. Corolla light yellow, limb up to 20 cm in diameter. Flowers 15 - 20 cm. Corolla 3 times longer than calyx. The tie is round: filiform, with a column with a head stigma, naked. The seeds are brown.
Biological features: Beare fruits in VIII. Spread by seeds. Renewal in nature has not been studied.
General spreading and in the country: Western part of the Ferghana Range (Baubash-Ata Mountains).
Places of growth. Cracks in rocks in the Alpine and nival belts.
Quantity: Very small in nature.
limiting factors. Intensive human economic activity.
Cultivation: Very decorative, rare plant. Deserves introduction to culture.
Existing protection measures: Included in the Red Book of the USSR (1984) and in the Red Book of Kyrgyzstan. SSR (1985).
Protective measures are recommended: Organize a botanical reserve in places with the largest population of the species. Introduce into culture as a highly ornamental plant.

Source: Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2nd edition - Bishkek, 2007
Photo source: https://open.kg/about-kyrgyzstan/nature/red-book/fungi-and-higher-plants/31829-pervocvet-evgenii-evgeniya-primulasy-eugenias-primrose.html



Oxytropis masarensis

Oxytropis can also be found in botany literature under the name Oxytropis. This representative of the flora belongs to the subfamily Moths (Faboideae), which is part of the large family Legumes (Fabaceae).
Botanical description of the genus: Herbaceous plant, life form - rosette.
Flowers: perianth zygomorphic; number of petals 5; inflorescence raceme.
External signs of leaves: shape - elongated; division - pinnate; order of complexity - 1; attachment - petiolate; division - absent; edge - smooth; leaves - compound; appendages - stipules or trumpets; shape - oval or elliptical. Differences in shoots: the leaf arrangement on the shoot is regular.
Fruits: dry type; dry pod or bean; color with shades of brown.
Interesting Facts:
Oxytropis is a perennial whose medicinal properties have long been known in folk medicine. Basically, a decoction is prepared from it, used for neuroses and neurasthenia, as well as to eliminate manifestations of vegetative-vascular dystonia. It has been noted to have a strong sedative and narcotic effect, as well as the ability to heal wounds, resist microbes and inflammation, and tone the body.

Sources: https://openfito.ru/vids/vid/47489
https://tutknow.ru/garden_and_orchard/14410-ostrolodochnik-sovety-po-posadke-i-uhodu-v-otkrytom-grunte-i-ego-primenenie.html



Eugenia's Bellflower (Campanula eugeniae)

Status: vulnerable species (Vulnerable)
Brief description. Perennial almost bare with a branched rhizome. Branches of caudex are covered with short remnants of leaf petioles, bearing loose rosettes of leaves and flowered stems. Leaves of rosette shoots 8-10 cm long, with lancet, blades half as long as filiform petioles, smooth-margin or scattered and indistinctly creviced and bare. Stems are 10-15 cm tall and one-, rarely two-flowered. Flowers are erect or drooping, 1,5 cm long. Calyx is obconical with narrowly linear teeth, a little bit shorter than narrowly bell-shaped corolla, shallowly divided into sharp triangular lobes. The column is not showing off. Pod is short, roundish, opens with holes at the base.
Phenology. Blooms in August, fruits in September.
Ecology. Grows on limestone rocks, in cracks of marble rocks, in subalpine and middle mountain belts at altitudes of 1800-2800 m above sea level. Distribution in Kyrgyzstan. Talas, Fergana and Chatkal ranges.
General spreading. Endemic. Endemic species of the Western Tien Shan.
Cultivation. No information is available.
Designation. Ornamental plant.
Protection in Kyrgyzstan. Listed in the Red Data Book (2007).
Information source: Li (1987). Lazkov (2006), expedition data.
Lazkov et al. (2006), expedition data. Lazkov G.A., Umralina A.R. Endemics and rare plant species of Kyrgyzstan (Atlas) - FAO. Ankara, 2015.


Scutellaria Knorring (knorringiae)

Botanical description of the genus: Subshrub with a woody creeping stem, developing several stems 10-20 cm tall, rising at the base: shoots are covered with soft, spaced or downwardly deflected hairs
Leaves are 1.5-3.5 cm long, 1.2-2.5 cm wide, broadly ovate, with a heart-shaped base, obtuse at the apex, crenate-toothed along the edge, with 6-10 fairly equal-sized blunt teeth about 1.5 mm tall on each side, green on both sides, covered with numerous small stalked glands and single long simple hairs, more numerous only along the edge of the leaf and along the veins below; petioles are short.
Bracts are about 1.3 cm long, 0.7 cm wide, broadly elliptical or ovate, entire or lower b. h. with a few teeth, green or slightly lilac, b. m. densely glandular and hairy, loosely imbricated.
The inflorescence is 2.5-4.5 cm long at the time of flowering. The calyx during flowering is about 2.5 mm long, densely covered with stalked glands with an admixture of simple long hairs. The corolla is large, up to 3 cm long; yellow or with a somewhat violet-colored upper lip inside, densely glandular outside. Color. VII.

Spreading: Endemic. Chatkal and At-Oynok ranges. Along the slopes of mountains and gorges.
Sources of information: https://djvu.online/file/F4HsUwI69s8GI